In 2017, Seoul was proclaimed to be the "city of Sun" by 2050,by promoting PVs installations and encouraging the use of renewable energy. Studies have shown that among the various urban functions, residential areas are accountable for the largest portion of emitting carbon dioxide.

The following research aimed at dividing Seoul city into typical residential neighborhoods, by making use of the K-means clustering algorithm with three distinct urban form variables that are least correlated. By extracting a sample from each typical residential neighborhood, the research aimed at testing the amount of carbon dioxide emitted in each neighborhood (with distinct urban form), while controlling other factors such as human behaviors and economic activities.